Frequency of early post operative complications of modified radical mastectomy within period of four weeks

Background: Most of the complications are developed after modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients, hence to avoid and reduces the postoperative complications, this study is performed to identify the frequency of early post-operative complications of modified Radical Mastectomy within the period of four weeks.Methods: Cross-sectional case series using non-probability convenient sampling technique was conducted in surgical unit I of Tertiary care hospital, for 1 year from 15 January 2018 to 14 January 2019. 89 patients FNAC proved breast cancer were included, patients that received neoadjuvant chemo or radiotherapy or with inflammatory breast cancer, metastasis and with co-morbid were excluded. After taking consent patients were operated by senior consultant. Follow up was taken daily 7th post-operative day and then followed in OPD on weekly basis fourth week and final outcome was noted. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Quantitative data was reported as frequency in percentages.Results: Total 31 patients developed complications during the study, accounts 34% of total patients. The most common complication was breast seroma in 12(13.48%) of cases with an increased risk in cases of age >50 yr, size of tumor >8 cm, weight >70 kg and increased number of lymph nodes [3 or above] palpable after wards hematoma in 6(6.74%), lymphedema in 5(5.62%), wound infection 4(4.49%) and shoulder dysfunction in 4(4.49%) patients, no patient was found scar hypertrophy.Conclusions: Seroma formation, hematoma were found most common early complications after modified radical mastectomy, lymphedema, wound infection and shoulder dysfunction were observed in small number of patients.

Toxicological Evaluation of Nelumbo Nucifera Fruit Ethanol Extract

Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) is frequently used for the treatment of many diseases in Asian countries withoutproper scientific evidence of its safety. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological effects ofNNF. Toxicity study was conducted on 28 male Wister rats weighing 180-230 g that were allocated equally to 4treatment groups; a control and 3 test groups. Parameters assessed were clinical signs, body weight,hematology, blood biochemistry and histopathology after administration of NNF to rats for 13 weeks. No majortoxicity was revealed throughout the study, though some biochemical changes were observed in hepatic andrenal tissues but these changes did not correspond with histopathology findings. There was no mortality andevidence of systemic toxicity following 13 weeks administration of NNF. Hematology and blood biochemistrydid not reveal any toxicity at any dose; however, histopathological evaluation of hepatic tissues of few animalstreated with 200 mg/kg showed areas of necrosis at lesser extent in few animals after 13 weeks exposure of fruit.Histopathology of renal tissues of group treated with 200 mg/kg revealed areas of moderate tubular disruptionand few foci of tubular necrosis. Although only few adverse effects were observed but NNF administration ifnecessary for a prolonged period, then it may be used in a dose rage of 50-100 mg/kg in order to avoidintractable effects. Additional studies are required to clinically evaluate the safety profile of NNF.

Serum malondialdehyde and adiponectin in albuminuric kidney disease patients

Background: Diabetes, hypertension, oxidative stress, obesity, adipocytokine dysfunction, and dyslipidemia are causative factors in development of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Adiponectin secreted from adipose tissue, has Reno protective effect against development of albuminuria in animal studies. The previous studies investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin level and urinary albuminuria in kidney disease patients, but the results are conflicting.Methods: The pre diagnosed kidney disease patients were divided into microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups, while control subjects were called as normoal buminuria group. The pre diagnosed adult kidney disease patients of both genders with age matching control subjects with no known comorbidity were included in the study. Whereas pregnant female patients and the patients with comorbidity were excluded from the study. The demographic data and the anthropometric data of control and kidney patients were recorded. The blood was analyzed for Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), electrolytes, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine adiponectin and malondialdehyde. The Urine was analyzed for Creatinine and albuminuria. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results: The blood pressure, blood urea, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, malondialdehyde, adiponectin levels were higher in albuminuric kidney patients as compared to normal control subjects. The mean glomerular filtration rate was lowest in macroalbuminuric patients as compared to micro and normoalbuminuric patients. The serum adiponectin and serum malondialdehyde both showed positive correlation with serum creatinine, and with albuminuria/urinary creatinine ratio.Conclusions: The study concludes that, positive correlation of serum malondialdehyde with adiponectin and albuminuria.